The Bankruptcy Of Marxist Ideology The Dilution And...

Topic 4: The Bankruptcy of Marxist Ideology: The Dilution and Variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the Post-WWI Era Introduction: This economic study will define the dilution and variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the post-WWII era. The slow dissolution of Marxist theory as as a 19th century economic concept defines the rise of capitalism and the neoliberal ideology that has permeated the latter half of the 20th century. The fall of communism in the late 1980s reveals the bankruptcy of communism as a state ideology in the U.S.S.R., since the Unite States and other first world nations triumphed as a global capitalist ideology. More so, the dilution of Marxism also occurs in the increasingly cultural and social abstractions of Marxist ideology that stray from the objective â€Å"materialism† of traditional Marxist analysis, which shows a moderate rationalization for capioti8alism in the Neo-Marxist theory. Various institutions and Neo-Marxists theorists, such as Max Weber and Antonio Gramsci, tend to moderate the effect of capitalism on the economy through social trends and value systems a s a way to negate the materialistic realities of economic inequality. Marx initially argued as a point of historical materialism in the 19th century, yet these objective economic values were diluted well into the neoliberal era of economics of the latter 20th century. This form of Neo-Marxism provided a pathway for the neoliberal model of globalist capitalism thatShow MoreRelatedA Marxist Evaluation Of Feminism And Gender Equality Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesA Marxist evaluation of feminism and gender equality is another failure of the Neo-Marxist system to generate any serious change in a neoliberal capitalistic model. Feminism, since the 1970s, has become a subjective and distorted version of what it was meant to be—a system that sought to raise the rights of women out of the home (as domestic servants) and into the workplace. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the idea of Marxism as a system of economic analysis for women to dissect the inequalitiesRead MoreMarke ting Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesmaterial objects produced by its people. It is the accumulation of shared meanings and traditions among members of a society. A culture can be described in terms of its ecology (the way people adapt to their habitat), its social structure and its ideology (including people s moral and aesthetic principles). Culture refers to the set of values, ideas and attitudes that are accepted by a homogeneous group of people and transmitted to the next generation. Subculture refers to the norms and values of

Perception Of Aging And Eventual Death - 1049 Words

Introduction Aging is a controversial and multifaceted subject of which we know relatively little. However, our perception of aging and eventual death is a subtopic that has been addressed for many millennia past. Following, we endeavored to dig deeper into the perception of death and how that perception changes with age. To do this, we designed an observational study performed with a survey which was intended to capture a complete and detailed sample so that we may draw a useful and reliable conclusion from the collected data. These conclusions will hopefully contribute to the subject of perception of aging over a lifetime. Hypothesis: There exists a significant difference in the desired ages of death between persons less than forty years of age and persons more than forty years of age. Method As stated, to gather data concerning our hypothesis, we published a survey on Facebook that was set as â€Å"public† so anyone could view and respond to the survey (see Appendix 1). The design of the survey, while testing only a single hypothesis, posed multiple questions so we could analyze background information alongside the primary questions. This collection of background information was included after we identified some potentially confounding variables. Therefore, in addition to the three primary questions concerning age, desired age of death, and age of death with which a responded would be â€Å"content,† we inquired about such factors as the respondent’s current age, income, debt,Show MoreRelatedSonnet 73 Metaphors1165 Words   |  5 Pagesbut a few still remain. This development of the image of autumn, creates the perception of the speaker entering old age. Continuing, Shakespeare interlaces another metaphor for the speaker growing old, â€Å"Upon tho se boughs which shake against the cold†. The crucial words in that line are â€Å"against† and â€Å"cold†, â€Å"against† means that the boughs are moving of their own accord and â€Å"cold† is a metaphor itself for old age, or death. The metaphor compares the limbs of a tree moving in the cold to an old manRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gender And Alzheimer s Disease1386 Words   |  6 Pagesof ageing. Nevertheless, it is mainly associated with ageing. Studies reveal that the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease doubles every few years. This indicates an undoubted exponential increase in risks with the increase in age (Duthey, 2013). An aging population contributes immensely towards the expansion of the number of people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. A 2014 report on the epidemiology of the disease had some extraordinary findings. The report expresses fears that approximately fifteenRead More The I-Function And Alzheimers Disease: Where is The Person?1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe I-Function And Alzheimers Disease: Where is The Person? Alzheimers disease (AD) is a serious form of dementia that involves the destruction of brain cells, and ultimately leads to death (1). What makes AD such a frightening disease, for both the patient and their family members, is the loss of self associated with the dementia. Those afflicted with AD cant understand the changes going on within themselves. Family members are upset by the loss of the person they once knew. It is commonRead MoreFood for Thought Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe aging brain can play host to numerous neurological diseases. While some can be brought about due to genetic predisposition, nutrition plays an important roll in the development and eventual aging of the brain. In fact, the brain shrinks and can lose 5-10% of its weight with age. According to the Framington Offspring Cohort Study; smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity can accelerate brain shrinkage. While good diet choices and exercise can slow the effects of aging on the brain.Read Mo reThe Buddhas Four Noble Truths: a Logical Basis for Philosophy1688 Words   |  7 Pagescollection of five skandhas or aggregates. These include rupa (matter), vedana (sensations), sanna (perceptions), samkhara (mental formations), and vijnana (consciousness). The aggregate of matter encompasses all tangible aspects of the world. The aggregate of sensations is akin to the process of sensory input; e.g., the activation of retinal cells in the eye. Vedana does not include the process of perception, however; the act of perceiving the senses, i.e., recognition of external sensations, is withinRead More The Buddhas Four Noble Truths: A Logical Basis For Philosophy1651 Words   |  7 Pagescollection of five skandhas or aggregates. These include rupa (matter), vedana (sensations), sanna (perceptions), samkhara (mental formations), and vijnana (consciousness). The aggregate of matter encompasses all tangible aspects of the world. The aggregate of sensations is akin to the process of sensory input; e.g., the activation of retinal cells in the eye. Vedana does not include the process of perception, however; the act of perceiving the senses, i.e., recognition of external sensations, is withinRead MoreEssay about Healthy Aging Interview1812 Words   |  8 Pagesstruck Maxine in the fall of 1928. The relentless weather combined with the struggle to harvest the dwindling crops resulted in Joseph developing pneumonia. The pneumonia took Josephs life and Maxines father, when she was only two. Her fathers death forced this single parent family to relocate to the city to seek employment. In 1930, Ruby accepted employment with as a seamstress at a shirt factory in Wytheville, Virginia. During 1935, Ruby was transferred to Christiansburg, Virginia wereRead MoreAway from Her Assignment Essay5454 Words   |  22 Pageshe believed Fiona was getting back at him for his infidelity. Aubreys wife Marian decided to take Aubrey back to her home because of her inability to continue paying Meadowlakes, which brought both Fiona and Aubrey great pain and eventual depression. Grants eventual reaction was to find a way to bring Aubrey back in order to ease Fionas depression, rather than have her remain in the same state for the rest of her life. He visited Marian in order to try and convince her to bring Aubrey back toRead MoreReality and Illusion4098 Words   |  17 PagesReality versus Illusion Texts: Life of Pi King Lear Heavenly Creatures Blade Runner Pans Labyrinth Research Questions: 1. How does each character’s situation influence their perception or ideas of reality versus illusion? 2. What are the similarities and differences between the main character’s situation in each text? 3. What insights relating to reality and illusion can be gained from each text? Resources: Title: Life of Pi Author: Yann Martel Question 1: Pi survives his ordealRead MoreEssay about Unit 4 P12506 Words   |  11 Pagesyears- self conscious about their physical appearance -May overreact to parental questions or criticisms -Risky behaviour/rebellious -16+ years- rely on peer group support -examination of others; values; beliefs, forms identity by organising perception of one’s attitudes -Less affection shown toward parents; May sometimes seem rude or short-tempered. Conditioning- In the 1906, ivan pavov publishished his work on conditioned learning in dogs. Pavov became interested in how the dogs learned

The Great Gatsby Chapter 7 Analysis Free Essays

The communication of this invitation through Gatsby suggests initially to Nick that ‘something was up’. The air tension is increased by Fitzgerald’s use of pathetic fallacy: the weather is â€Å"Hot!†¦Hot!†¦Hot!† so that it, like the atmosphere in the chapter ‘hovered on the edge of combustion’. It is almost the last day of summer, appropriately. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby: Chapter 7 Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is a feeling that the last chance for Gatsby; that the darker days of autumn and winter are on their way; that things are drawing to a close with the demise of the summer. The telephone call received by Tom at luncheon (from Mrs.Wilson) adds to the air of expectancy and tension. It is also the first time the reader has seen all of the main characters of the play gathered together, adding to the idea that the climax is due soon. Daisy and Jordan’s skin is powdered over, suggesting a papering over of cracks, and the falsity of the situation. Nick contemplates ‘the scalloped ocean and the abounding blessed isles’, almost palpably desiring an escape. Daisy’s public kissing of Gatsby, suggests that she is ready to make the relationship public, but her ‘clogging’ on the fireplace suggests an almost hysterical desperation. Tom notes the change in the footing of their relationship, as Daisy exchanges apparently trivial comments that betray their intimacy : â€Å"you always look so cool†. His response to this is an attempt to shield Daisy from Gatsby, by trying to have her travel in his car to New York. He clearly recognises that ‘she had told him that she loved him’. Daisy’s ‘presentation’ of her child, Pammy, to Gatsby and the assembled company has striking effect upon Gatsby; she is concrete proof of the marriage between Tom and Daisy, inescapable evidence that Daisy has shared the last 5 years of her life with someone else. Tom agrees to Daisy’s suggestion that they go to town as a welcome distraction from the almost surreal scene that appears to be brewing at the house. As the girls prepare for the outing, Nick notes ‘the moon hovered already in the Western sky’, suggesting that time is again running out. As Tom gets whiskey, Fitzgerald has Gatsby explain the irresistible allure of Daisy’s voice: â€Å"her voice is full of money†, This clarifies the whole moral stance of the characters in the text: drawn to the money in her siren’s song. Nick thinks of her at this moment as † high in a white palace the king’s daughter, the golden girl† in a vision that simultaneously draws together the multiple images of silver, gold and white that Fitzgerald has used throughout the text to suggest money and wealth. The drive to town provides another opportunity for Gatsby and Daisy to be alone together as Daisy evades Tom’s suggestion that he drive her ‘in this circus wagon’ – Gatsby’s car. This description clearly demonstrates the contempt of the patrician for the vulgar display of wealth by Gatsby, the parvenu. How to cite The Great Gatsby: Chapter 7 Analysis, Papers

Strategy in Digital Business

Question : Discuss about the Strategy in Digital Business ? Answer : Introduction: The study is based on the analysis of the law and economics of Microsoft, forming a milestone of cases of antitrust intervention in the industries of network. The United States department of Justice bought a case against Microsoft by claiming that Microsoft monopolized the marketplace for operating systems of personal computers and undertook the anti-competitive activities to unlawfully uphold its policy (Gehani, 2013). The department of United States alleged that it monopolized the marketplace of internet browsers, as those browsers would produce rivalry for computer operating systems. Strategies of Microsoft: Accessibility, as a part of overall usability is considered as fundamental considerations for Microsoft at the time of designing developing, evaluating and releasing its product. Microsoft engages in the strategy of accessibility, planning, researching, testing and documentation. Microsoft accessibility strategy is considered as long standing commitment in developing innovative accessibility solution. Microsoft has formulated a simple strategy of earning greater amount of profits (Mukhopadhyay Ye, 2016). The business of software is considered as natural monopoly business since the average total costs constantly falls with the increased output. One of the first and foremost strategies of Microsoft is network marketing. The reason behind this is that each windows product is compatible with other Microsoft window products. One of the more intriguing strategies of Microsoft is that the market in which it operates leads to innovations of new operating systems and office suites leading to monopoly positions as the eventual outcome. Nonetheless, after analysing the strategy of Microsoft it is understood that it would do well to consider not just what is successful antitrust enforcement against Google might do for the Microsofts intermediate market position. Product differentiation and pricing behaviour: A disparity in the system effects has led to lower cost theory, which provides rapacious taste to Microsofts strategy. The pricing behaviour of Microsoft is to attract customers and produce effects of network; it also plans to amplify the cost in the future (Hoberg Phillips, 2016). Such kind of presumption is considered as improbable since Microsoft rules the Personal Computer Market and over the years, its share in the market has double folded without raising the cost for the windows at the same time increasing its functionality. Studies suggest that an organisation can exercise predation without even raising the cost however simply benefiting from the potential effects of network. Hence, such plan is impossible to differentiate from an accurate aggressive strategy and cannot be regarded as predatory. Ironically, the chief process, which Microsoft has used to smother rivalry, is predatory pricing by allocating its product at no obvious cost to the consumers. The software industry has transformed the business along with the people to co-ordinate and work (Chen Huang, 2015). The global revenue software represents 16% share of the Microsoft. Oracle and IBM represented a share of 7%. SAP on the hand represented a share of 5% with Symantec had the share of 2%. Principally by original equipment manufacturer distribution (OEM) it can standardise its software as this can allow Microsoft to charge cost, which could yield highest proceeds on the outlay of consumer. The maximum amount of damage which is caused to the consumer is price gauging, an issue which is not even being addressed under the current antitrust trial. One of the best facts that suggests that Microsoft is a monopoly and shielded from price rivalry is its excess amount of profit. Microsoft sets values with regard to the competitive prices, which is the reason where the products of Microsoft are regarded as the most expensive office suite (Baker, 2014). However, Microsoft products are value setter. Forced by the market opportunity Microsoft does not elevate prices therefore, it only preserves historically high prices while providing the least value for the money. Product differentiation: One of the important strategies of wining competition in the business is the differentiation strategy. This creates a strong emphasis on the certain brands in comparison to the competitive brands. There are several alternative office suites that has indulged themselves in the price discrimination bandwagon. Microsoft finds it difficult to indulge in product and price differentiation since they were generating huge amount of cash from their monopoly. Microsoft is considered as the monopolistic in the operating system for their products (Smith, 2014). The marginal cost used to generate the incremental level of software and other goods is zero however the fixed cost remains substantial and Microsoft is price setter since they sell price products that covers their fixed cost but allows them to make large amount of profit without causing distress to several consumers. Microsoft Office provides a good-looking and simple to use interface (Wan et al., 2017). Several participants in the marketplace might have one or two abilities or features but Microsoft outperforms its participants by satisfying the needs of everyone from personal desktop usage to the usage of large corporations. They also had to offer certain kinds of market segments with lower prices since there was huge amount of privacy. Microsoft started to realize that they were leaving money on the table since they did not take dramatic steps to price discriminate with the help of product differentiation. Microsoft Cost Structure: The fixed cost of business is considered as the business cost that does not alter in total but varies for each unit when the quantity of production changes. The facility cost for instance are the depreciation, rent, salary, property taxes and insurance forms the example of fixed cost. The variable cost represents the changes in different proportion of cost of production. Upon analysing the variable cost and fixed cost of Microsoft, it provides operating leverage. Organisations having higher amount of operating leverage are the organisations that have higher amount of fixed cost of operations in relation to the variable costs of operations. A massive amount of cost structure of Microsoft is fixed. Microsoft cost is also restricted to marketing costs and development (Hollensen, 2015). Whether Microsoft sells one copies of its software or over 100 million of copies of the latest version of its windows the cost for the company remains the same. Once the company sells the sufficient number of its copies of software to cover the fixed costs while the additional sales is identified as profits. This represents that Microsoft higher amount of fixed cost. Were Microsoft indulged in competitive price or not? On the findings of the fact, it is found that Microsoft dominated its x86 based personal computer operating systems market, which constituted monopoly, and Microsoft had initiated the act of crushing the threats to that monopoly (Gavil First, 2014). The judgement was split in two parts. On 3rd April, 2000 the court issued conclusion of law which constituted that Microsoft had committed monopolization, attempted monopolization and tried to violate section 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Economist have cited that the case of antitrust lodged against Microsoft set a hazardous example that indicated rising regulations of the government and the future of technological progress in the industry will get impeded. Benefits from Bundling of IE and Browser Software: The economic benefits of bundling can be assembled into two primary groups. One benefit arises from the manufacturing side and other coming from the consumption. Bundling efficiencies arises from the economic scope of consumption, which represents the advantage for the consumer in purchasing the products, which are complementary instead of purchasing from two separate suppliers. Consumers are provided typically provided with options of pre-installation of variety of Microsoft commodities along with few non-Microsoft commodities while ordering from OEMs. If Internet Explorer or media players were unbundled, there would have been no difficulty in permitting the customers with an option amid the commodities of competing companies for each of the merchandise groups (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Other arguments concerning the benefits of consumers arising from software bundling is not sufficiently supported. On few occasion it is claimed that effectiveness arises from higher amount of anticipated superiority or functionality during the time when constituents have functioned together. Customers might perceive that using the web browsers generated by the software firms causes the operating system to crash than those of competitors with less recognizable operating systems. Microsoft has put forward its argument that technical bundling of its internet explorer browser and its windows operating systems is an example of economies (Shao Li, 2017). Therefore, it is widely accepted that designing programmes that can share codes amongst the two goods could hypothetically have possible benefits if the programmes performance is enhanced. Competition of Microsoft: The software market demanded everyone to put emphasis on the single OS and Microsoft had well positioned itself to fill up that demand. Other competing firms such as Apple or Amiga focused working on computers whereas Microsoft emphasised greatly on making its OS available to every PC clones manufactured by several other companies. For example if consumers wanted the products of Apple OS they had purchase the Apple computer, which would only use Apple add-ons. All of these add on became very expensive than their PC counterparts (Moulin, 2014). On the other hand, if consumers bought MS-DOS they could use it on several other platforms and can purchase supplementary hardware under the competitive environment having lower price. By keeping the price of unit very low and through aggressive Microsoft dominated the marketed as large number of people jumped with on the MS bandwagon so that it could enable users to inter-operators to connect with other users. Therefore, it can be said that when Microsoft initially produced MS Dos it was not monopoly instead it was just another company, which was trying to compete in the computer software market. With the introduction of Microsoft windows version 3.0 Microsoft cemented its position as a software monopoly. Application of game theory and Nash Equilibrium: Game theory and Nash equilibrium is a useful tool to study the decision of the managers. To explain the Nash Equilibrium it is important to have the concept of dominant strategy. A dominant strategy is that strategy which produces higher amount of payoff than any other strategy as the player can make the use of every possible combination of its rivals strategy (Huisman, 2013). For example, considering a situation where Apple and Microsoft have an identical product, which they aspires to introduce in the market. One decision, which they need to consider, is the price of the product. Both Apple and Microsoft need to choose a higher price or a lower price. Assuming that Apple OS software costs 1500 dollars while Microsoft software cost 900 dollars. The primary step in determining the pricing strategies, which both the companies is likely to use in the market, is the dominant strategy. If Apple makes the choice of high price then Microsoft will go for lower price as they will wish to make a profit of $1200 instead of $600. On the other hand, if Apple makes the choice of low cost, Microsoft will also choose lower price, since they will favour to generate a profit of $900 instead of $300. Microsoft will select a lower price strategy regardless of what Apple chooses and therefore, it can be concluded that Microsoft has dominant strategy as it has lower price. Benefits for Followers: By virtue of their efforts in branding other following firms can determine the point of price which tends to be very high than the perfectly competitive firms. It will further enhance the ability of the organisation to improve the quality of the product through their branding (Moulin, 2014). Thus, branding provides the much needed strength to maintain quality depending upon the business financial stake of the followers. Conclusion: The antitrust trial has put Microsoft under huge pressure. If Bill did not control Microsoft, gates and his employees in the short term Microsoft may have compromised and may have harmed the interest of the shareholders in the long term. One of the major loss of Microsoft is the constant antitrust scrutiny which do not provides the opportunity of making noteworthy acquisitions in telecommunications and internet sectors in United States at the time of interest antitrust scrutiny. Despite the consequences of the ultimate outcome, the impact created by U.S v. Microsoft is more likely to be felt over a long period of time. However, if the break-up happens, it is most likely to inflict gloomy shadow of fundamental antitrust interference on the entire industry of computer. Reference list: Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Chen, F., Huang, J. (2015). A study on the degree of product differentiation of the platform and the pricing strategy in two-sided markets.Review of Industrial Economics,2(002). Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Gavil, A. I., First, H. (2014).The Microsoft antitrust cases: competition policy for the twenty-first century. MIT Press. Hoberg, G., Phillips, G. (2016). Text-based network industries and endogenous product differentiation.Journal of Political Economy,124(5), 1423-1465. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Mukhopadhyay, S. K., Ye, G. (2016). EFFECT OF CSR ON PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE PRESENCE OF COST ADVANTAGE. InEconomic and Social Development (Book of Proceedings), 17th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social(p. 289). Niyato, D., Hoang, D. T., Luong, N. C., Wang, P., Kim, D. I., Han, Z. (2016). Smart data pricing models for the internet of things: a bundling strategy approach.IEEE Network,30(2), 18-25. Ray Gehani, R. (2013). Innovative strategic leader transforming from a low-cost strategy to product differentiation strategy.Journal of technology management innovation,8(2), 144-155. Shao, L., Li, S. (2017). Bundling and product strategy in channel competition.International Transactions in Operational Research. Smith, B. D. (2014). Capturing an elusive phenomenon: developing and testing a multiple perspective model of marketing strategy implementation.Journal of Strategic Marketing,22(1), 16-40. Wan, J., Zhao, L., Gupta, S., Lu, Y. (2017). Evaluating App Bundling Strategy for Selling Mobile Apps: An Ambivalent Perspective.Information Technology People,30(1). Moulin, H. (2014).Cooperative microeconomics: a game-theoretic introduction. Princeton University Press. Huisman, K. J. (2013).Technology investment: A game theoretic real options approach(Vol. 28). Springer Science Business Media. Geckil, I. K., Anderson, P. L. (2016).Applied game theory and strategic behavior. CRC Press.